Role: Air/water valves are used to insufflate air and flush water through the endoscope. This helps to clear the view and maintain visibility during the procedure.

Procedures: Commonly used in gastrointestinal endoscopy, including colonoscopy and gastroscopy, to ensure a clear view of the mucosal surfaces.

Role: Suction valves are used to remove fluids, debris, and secretions from the endoscope’s field of view. This is crucial for maintaining a clear and dry working area.

Procedures: Utilised in various endoscopic procedures such as bronchoscopy, colonoscopy, and gastroscopy to manage fluids and maintain visibility.

Role: Biopsy valves provide access to the biopsy channel, allowing the passage of biopsy forceps and other instruments. They help maintain insufflation and minimise leakage during the procedure.

Procedures: Essential in procedures where tissue samples are collected, such as colonoscopy, gastroscopy, and endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR).

Role: Cleaning valves are used to flush cleaning solutions through the endoscope channels, ensuring thorough cleaning and disinfection between procedures.

Procedures: Used during the reprocessing of endoscopes to maintain hygiene and prevent cross-contamination.

Role: Irrigation valves act as a one-way valve, preventing fluid from flowing in the wrong direction during the procedure.  They also act as an adapter between the endoscope and the irrigation tubing which is fed liquid via a pump.

Procedures: Commonly used in gastrointestinal endoscopy and urological procedures to manage irrigation fluids.